Notes on denominations, fineness and weight of various foreign coins

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☉ 22 car fine, five pound pieces, {illeg}double Guineas, $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ Guineas. 44$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ Guineas = a lwt Troy.

English ☽ 11$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{10}}$oz fine crowns, $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ crowns, shillings, 6 pences, Groats, threepences, two pences, pence. 5s 2d = ℥

French ☽ sta: de jure. {illeg} worse obwt de facto. Crowns, half crowns, quarter crowns or Cardecus & $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ of ye Carcedu. {sic} Cardecus, Livers or Franks, Soulz, Deniers. 1 Crown = 3 Livers2 half crowns equals {sic} = 4 Cardecues = {sic} {illeg}60 soulz = 720 Denie{illeg}rs, weighs 17$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$dwt {illeg}Troy {illeg}= $\frac{\mathrm{1\; Mark\; French}}{\mathrm{8}\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}}$.

French ☉ sta de jure, worse $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ Legr. de facto. Pistol or Lewis d'Or weight $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ of a Crown or 4dw{illeg}t 9gr de jure or 4dwt 8gr de facto. French crown Double Pistol. $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ Pistol. French crown.

Spanish ☽ sta: de jure. $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ legrdwt. wors de facto. Royals, Quartiles, Pieces of 8 or Dollars, {sic}, Ryalls, Ducats, Marveids, Carna{illeg}{illeg}. 1 Royal = 4 Quartiles. 1 Piece of 8 = 8 Ryalls. 1 Duca{illeg}t = 11 Ryals + 1 Marveid{illeg}+ Marveid. {sic}. 1 Ryal = 534 Marveids. 1 Marveid = 6 Carnado{illeg}es. {illeg} Exchanges are made upon the Imaginary Ducat of 375 Merv{illeg}edes = 11 Ryals + 1 Marveid = The D{illeg}oblon of Castile. is ye Ducat of 375 Mer The Castiliano is worth 4{illeg}85 Merveids & the Florin of Castile is worth 26{illeg}5 Merveids.

Spanish ☉ sta by law, but $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ legr. worse in fact. Pistols of ye same weight & value wth ye Franch. Ducat single & double of Spain. K. Philips crown of Spain. Ducat of Arragon Philip real of Spain. Double Doubloon or 4 Pistoll piece .weighting 17dwt 12gr esteemed worth 16 pieces of 8, but in payments pieces of 8 are dearer by six per cent.

In Ireland there are current these Spanish pieces of money. Cobbs. $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ Cobs. $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ Cobs Ducatooons & $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ Ducatonns.                    The Cob is the a Piece of 8 & weight 17dwt The Ducaton weighs 20dwt 16gr.

In Portugal the silver monies are Milts or Mil-res, single & double Ducats, Testoons, Tyals Vintins & Res. 1 Milt = 2$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ Ducats = 10 Testoons = 25 Ryals = 1000 Res 50 Vintins = 1000 Res. 400 Res is an old Crusado or Crown. 500 Res is a new Crusado or Crown. 600 Res is a piece of 8.

The Flemish silver coyns are three Guilder pieces Gilders, Skillings, stivers single & Double Ducatoons, Patatoons, Grosses or Groats & Pence {illeg}or Doits, & Dollars
4 Pence or Deniers or Doits = 1 Gross. 2 Grosses = 1 stiver. 2 Stivers = 1 Double stivers. 6 Stivers {illeg} 1 Livre = 20 souls or skillings = 12 × 20 gros 6 × 20 stivers = 12 × 20 {illeg}Grosses. 1 Guilder or Floren = 20 Skillings stivers or souslds Turnois. They reccon in the low countries by Florens stivers & Deniers in ye proportion of 1, 20 & 16 × 20 (Scooten) or by livers sous & grosses

Their Gold coins are The Flemish Angel, Flemish or Flanders crown, Flemish Noble Flemish Real called the Key. Flanders Albertus. Double Soveraign of Flanders Holland Rider.

The French Gold coyns are the Double Pistol, Pistol & half Pistol & some qter Pistolls all 22dwt car. fine & 2 ca{illeg}r. allay. Their silver coyns the Crown{illeg}, half crowns ,& quarter crown or Cardecue & the third part of ye Cardecue or $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{12}}$th of ye crown all 11doz 2dwt fine & 18dwt allay. {sic}. A They keep their recconings in Livers souls & Deniers & coyn a crown for 3 Livers; but by their late Edicts a crown goes for 66, 68 or 70 souls. And whatever a crown goes for a Pistol goes is valued at 3$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ crown{illeg}s or 14$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ Cardecues, times {illeg} its weight of standard Silver or at 16s. 3d$\frac{\mathrm{49}}{\mathrm{60}}$. For a Pistoll is of the same weight with a Cardecu, namely 4dwt 9gr. {illeg} standard These are their standard recconings. For usually their gold is $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ legr worse & their silver obwt worse {illeg}& both {illeg} too light by a grain or two in a p{illeg} piece Abate an halfpenny for ye coursness & ye Pistol wch here goes for 17s & 6d will {sic} is worth (according to ye pro{illeg}po{illeg}rtion{illeg} of ☉ to ☽ in Fr.) but 16s. 3$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$d of or money, so that we give {illeg}14d$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ too much for each Pistoll. And a Guinea will {illeg}be {illeg}worth {illeg}20s. 5d$\frac{\mathrm{213}}{\mathrm{1000}}$.

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The Gold at Cadiz (p& perhaps in all Spain) is heavier then in Italy, the Pistol is heavier by two grains, the Dobleon or two-pistol-piece by 4 grains & the double Dobleon (or four Pistol piece) {illeg}by 6 (or perhaps 8) grains. The {illeg} Spanish double Dobleon weigh is of the same weight with a piece of eight vizt 17dwt 12gr & in Spain is accountedaccounted worth 16 Pistols by w{illeg} but by reason of the great scarcity of silver monies in Spain the Spaniards make all their payments in gold & will not part with their silver without an advance of 6 per cent: so that standard Gold in Spain is really worth $\frac{\mathrm{16\; \times \; 100}}{\mathrm{106}}$ = 15$\frac{\mathrm{5}}{\mathrm{53}}$ times i{illeg}ts weight of standard silver. By wch proportion a Guinea is worth 21s. 0d∟36379, & a Pistol is worth 17s. 0d,717. supposing it in weight 4dwt 9gr. Abate $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d for ye courseness of Pistolls & 4d & 6 or 7gr) & a Pistol will be worth {illeg}16s. 8d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}$.