Holograph notes on the denominations, fineness and weight of various foreign coins, with a letter to Catherine Barton dated 5 August 1700 on the reverse

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{illeg} {illeg}{illeg} Lords {illeg} London, Paris & Glasgow {illeg} In England, France, Flanders, Genoua, Florence. Venice they reccon by pounds shhillings {illeg} or livers soulss & deniers,

In England accts are kept by pounds shillings pence halfpence & farthings. The Gold coyne are 5 guinea-pieces, two Guinea-pieces, Guin{illeg}eas & half Guineas all of ye same allay wch is {illeg}11 parts fine gold & {illeg}1 part allay, & there are 44$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{}}$ Guineas in a pound weight Troy. The silver coyns are crowns or five shilling pieces, half crowns, shillings {illeg} or twelve-pences, {illeg} six pences, four-pences or groats, three-pences, two pences & pence all of ye same allay wch is 11$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{10}}$ fine silver & $\frac{\mathrm{9}}{\mathrm{10}}$ allay, & there are 62 shillings in ye pound weight Troy. The half-pence & farthings are of copper & 88 farthings make a pound weight Troy. Sometimes they reccon in England by marks & Nobles & a noble is $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ of 20s & a mark $\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ds.

In sScotland they {illeg} reccon by pounds & shillings & coyned at prsent 60 40 30 20 10 & 5s shillings pieces of silver: {illeg}of the same standard wth english silver money according to law, but actually about $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ or $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ of a penny weight worse then ye English money one piece wth another by ye unaccurates {sic} of their workmen. They divide an ounce as the English do into sixty two parts & coyn {illeg} sixty of those as the English do but 56 into a crown or sixty shilling piece so that a {sic} A 60 shillings piece is to a pound weight Scotch as {illeg}56 to 62 or {illeg} 28 to 31. No{illeg}w a pound weight scotch is less then a pound wt English by 94dwt 9gr english, So that 60 shillings scotch ought to weight 425$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{8}}$$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ {illeg}y 425$\frac{\mathrm{20}}{\mathrm{31}}$ grains english & be worth 55 pence English wanting the $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{12}}$ of a farthing but being something coarser & lighter then it should be it may be recconed worth 554$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ pence English one piece wth another. In Scotland they have sometimes coyned marks, two-mark pieces ,& $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ mark pieces {illeg} & small pieces three of wch make a noble {illeg} their marks pieces not is 13s 4d of their money but these were being ill coyned were lately called in. {sic}. In the nearest round number their marks may {illeg} in England for shillings & their ten shilling pieces for nine pences.

In Ireland two 4$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d is one Haper {illeg}or 9d English, & 20 Harpers is a pound or 15s English

In France they reccon by Livers souls & deniers. 12 Deniers make a souls 20 souls a Liver or Frank. {illeg} 16 souls make a Cardecu & 4 Cardecus a Crown. But now ye French crown is 60 sous & weighteth 17dwt 11$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ gr being to t[heThe Paris ouce as 60 to 62 beingis divided into 62 sous whereof 60 to their crown. The silver Their pound is to ye English pound & by consequence their crown to ye English as {sic} as 6 93 to 100. so that their pound is 56555357. English grains & their ounce 446$\frac{\mathrm{5}}{\mathrm{12}}$] The French Gold Lewis d'or equals $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ of a French crown or six sous in weight, being in weight 4dwt 8gr$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$    & is in fineness 11oz or 11oz–$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$gr. that is worse $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ {illeg}gr And the French silver is worse 06wt.    The French & Spaniard use the same weight wch is a Mark of 7 oz 8dwt 8 ounces &    weights 7 oz 8dwt Troy.

In Spain the pieces of $\frac{\mathrm{8}}{\mathrm{8}}$ weigh 17dwt$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ & the Pillar pieces are better 2dwt the Mexico worse 1dwt the Peruvian worse 1$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ dwt. The Spanish Pistol weighs 4dwt 8gr & is worse $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$gr. 34 Peru & a Mexic {illeg}ants are kept in Merveds & Rials. 34 Mervedes is a Rial & 8 Rials is a piece of $\frac{\mathrm{8}}{\mathrm{8}}$. The exchanges are made upon the Imaginary Ducat of 375 Mervedes or 11 Rials & a Mervede. T A piece of $\frac{\mathrm{8}}{\mathrm{8}}$ equals a Frence {sic} crown in weight & a spanish Pistol equals a French one in weight, & both are $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ of a crown or piece of eight.

The Ducat ofis ye same all over Holland & the Empire & weights 2dwt 5gr {illeg}& is better 1car 2gr. In Holland the three Guilder pieces (= 60 stivers) weigh 1oz. 6gr and are 4dwt (& sometimes by default 5{illeg} 6 & 7dwt) worse [20 Stivers (or 4 oldssolds Turtois) here & in Flanders make a Guilder, & six stivers make a flemmish shillings & 20 shillings or skillings a pound Flemish. Ducatoons are = 10 dutch skillings Patlatoons = 8 Dutch skillings a Ducatoon is 4$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$dwt better & weights 1oz 0dwt 22gr. The Dutch reccon by pence Groats or Grosses stivers Guilders & 4d is a Gross. 2two Grosses a Stiver, 12 Grosses = 6 stivers = a skilling, 20 skillings a pound flemish, 20 stivers a Guilder 6 Guilders a pound flem.] A Ducattoon of Flanders weights 1 oz 22dwtgrains is better 4$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$dwt is worth 5s 5d$\frac{\mathrm{}}{\mathrm{6}}$ 5 $\frac{\mathrm{5}}{\mathrm{6}}$d 5s. 6d$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{8}}$ A double Dutch stiver weighs 1dwt & is worse 4oz 4oz 6 dwt, & is worth 1$\frac{\mathrm{9}}{\mathrm{10}}$d. The Dutch weight is a Mark of 8 ounces & weight 7oz 18dwt Troy.

A Traveller told me that the Dutch ounce was but a grain lighter then ye English ounce Troy

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For Mris Catherine Barton
at Mr Gyre's at Publicot neare
Woodstock in

Oxfordshire

By Chipping Norton Bagg.

I had yor two letters & am glad ye air agrees wth you & though the fever is loath to leave you yet I hope it aba{illeg}tes, & yt ye remains of ye small pox are dropping off apace. Sr Ioseph Tily is leaving Mr Tolls house & its probable I may succeed him. I intend to send you some wine by the next Carrier wch beg the favour of Mr Gyre & his Lady to accept of. My Lady Norris thinks you forget yor promis of writing to her, & wants a letter from you. Pray let me know by yor next how your face is & if yor fevour be going. Perhaps warm milk from ye Cow may help to abate it. I am

Yor very loving Vnkle

Is. Newton