Holograph notes on the denominations, fineness and weight of various foreign coins, with a letter to Catherine Barton dated 5 August 1700 on the reverse

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{illeg} Lords {illeg} London, Paris & Glasgow {illeg} In England, France, Flanders, Genoua, Florence. Venice they reccon by pounds shhillings {illeg} or livers soulss & deniers,

In England accounts are kept by pounds shillings pence halfpence & farthings. The Gold coyne are 5 guinea-pieces, two Guinea-pieces, Guineas & half Guineas all of the same allay which is 11 parts fine gold & 1 part allay, & there are 44$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{}}$ Guineas in a pound weight Troy. The silver coyns are crowns or five shilling pieces, half crowns, shillings or twelve-pences, six pences, four-pences or groats, three-pences, two pences & pence all of the same allay which is 11$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{10}}$ fine silver & $\frac{\mathrm{9}}{\mathrm{10}}$ allay, & there are 62 shillings in the pound weight Troy. The half-pence & farthings are of copper & 88 farthings make a pound weight Troy. Sometimes they reccon in England by marks & Nobles & a noble is $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ of 20s & a mark $\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ds.

In Scotland they reccon by pounds & shillings & coyne at present 60 40 30 20 10 & 5s shillings pieces of silver: of the same standard with english silver money according to law, but actually about $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ penny weight worse then the English money one piece with another by the unaccurateness of their workmen. They divide an ounce as the English do into sixty two parts & coyn {illeg} sixty of those as the English do but 56 into a crown or sixty shilling piece so that A 60 shillings piece is to a Scotch as 56 to 62 or 28 to 31. Now a pound weight scotch is less then a pound weight English by 4dwt 9gr english, So that 60 shillings scotch ought to weight {illeg}y 425$\frac{\mathrm{20}}{\mathrm{31}}$ grains english & be worth 55 pence English wanting the $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{12}}$ of a farthing but being something coarser & lighter then it should be it may be recconed worth 54$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ pence English one piece with another. In Scotland they have sometimes coyned marks, two-mark pieces & $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ mark pieces {illeg} & small pieces three of which make a noble {illeg} their marks is 13s 4d of their money but these being ill coyned were lately called in. In the nearest round number their marks may {illeg} in England for shillings & their ten shilling pieces for nine pences.

In Ireland two 4$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d is one Haper or 9d English, & 20 Harpers is a pound or 15s English

In France they reccon by Livers souls & deniers. 12 Deniers make a soul 20 souls a Liver or Frank. 16 souls make a Cardecu & 4 Cardecus a Crown. But now the French crown is 60 sous & weighteth 17dwt 11$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ grains The French Lewis d'or equals $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ of a French crown or six sous in weight, being in weight 4dwt 8gr$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$    & is in fineness 11oz or 11oz–$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$gr. that is worse $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ grains And the French silver is worse 06wt.    The French & Spaniard use the same weight which is a Mark of 8 ounces &    weights 7 ounces 8dwt Troy.

In Spain the pieces of $\frac{\mathrm{8}}{\mathrm{8}}$ weigh 17dwt$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ & the Pillar pieces are better 2dwt the Mexico worse 1dwt the Peruvian worse 1$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ deadweight. The Spanish Pistol weighs 4dwt 8gr & is worse $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$gr. {illeg}ants are kept in Merveds & Rials. 34 Mervedes is a Rial & 8 Rials is a piece of $\frac{\mathrm{8}}{\mathrm{8}}$. The exchanges are made upon the Imaginary Ducat of 375 Mervedes or 11 Rials & a Mervede. A piece of $\frac{\mathrm{8}}{\mathrm{8}}$ equals a French crown in weight & a spanish Pistol equals a French one in weight, & both are $\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ of a crown or piece of eight.

The Ducat is the same all over Holland & the Empire & weights 2dwt 5gr & is better 1car 2gr. In Holland the three Guilder pieces (= 60 stivers) weigh 1oz. 6gr and are 4dwt (& sometimes by default 5 6 & 7dwt) worse A Ducatoon of Flanders weights 1 ounce 22grains is better 4$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$dwt is worth 5s. 6d$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{8}}$ A double Dutch stiver weighs 1dwt & is worse 4oz 6 deadweight, & is worth 1$\frac{\mathrm{9}}{\mathrm{10}}$d. The Dutch weight is a Mark of 8 ounces & weight 7oz 18dwt Troy.

A Traveller told me that the Dutch ounce was but a grain lighter then the English ounce Troy

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For Mris Catherine Barton
at Mr Gyre's at Publicot neare
Woodstock in

Oxfordshire

By Chipping Norton Bagg.

I had your two letters & am glad the air agrees with you & though the fever is loath to leave you yet I hope it abates, & that the remains of the small pox are dropping off apace. Sir Ioseph Tily is leaving Mr Tolls house & its probable I may succeed him. I intend to send you some wine by the next Carrier which beg the favour of Mr Gyre & his Lady to accept of. My Lady Norris thinks you forget your promis of writing to her, & wants a letter from you. Pray let me know by your next how your face is & if your fevour be going. Perhaps warm milk from the Cow may help to abate it. I am

Your very loving Vnkle

Is. Newton