Holograph notes on exchange rates in various parts of Europe

2A Ducat of Gold is coyned in Holland for 5 Gulders but goes for 5 Guilders & 4, 5, or 6 styvers, & most commonly for 5 Guilders 5 styvers that is oer money for 9.s 1∟d3. But in England it is worth (by the Table) 9s. 6∟d45. Which is 5∟d15 {illeg} more then it goes for in Holland. At wch rate gold is valued higher in England then in Holland by 11d∟59 in a Guinea.

Hungary Ducats go in Holland at ye same rate & are of the same weight & fineness wth the Holland Ducat without any difference worth considering.

The Lewidor is valued goes in Holland for 9 Guilders 8 9 0r 10 Styvers that is for three Ducatons that is for or 16s. 4∟d77 But in England is worth 17.s 0$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d & whe if if new out of their Mint it is worth 17.s 2     . wch is          more then in Holland. At wch rate gold is valued higher in Holland then in England by about            in a Guinea

The{illeg} Lewidor The Ecu goes in Ecu goes in France for {illeg} livres or3 liv. 16 sols or 3$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ livres & the Lewidor for 14& is worth 4s 6.d And thence ye sol is worth 1.s 2∟21. The Lewidor goes gor 14 livre wch comes to livres [or 13$\frac{\mathrm{13}}{\mathrm{19}}$ Ecus wch by the Table is 16.d {illeg}6d∟94 of oer money. [And herein England it is worth 16s 17.s 2$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ wch is about {illeg}7∟$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$d86 more then in France] At wch rate [isGold is valued higher in England then in France by about 9$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ d9∟d82 in a Guinea]. A Guinea is worth 1£. 0.s. 8d∟18

At Hamborough the Ducat goes for 12 Ma{illeg}two {illeg} two slecht Dollers (or (six Marcks lubs) & 98 or 9 sols s, wch the Mark {illeg} Sols lubs. The {illeg} The slecht Doller is recconed 48 sols lubs & the Albertus 52 48 sols lubs make the slecht Doller & 52 the Albertus doller wth ye cross wch when if unworn if worth 4.s 6sd English., The Bbut these by long wearing have one wth another lost as much silver as may be worth 1d or 2d. The Marks & sols lubs are double to those of Danemark & a 4 Mark piece or Crown of Danmark & goes at Hamborough for two Marks lubs and & is by several assays is worth 2s. 8∟d4. Whence a Mark lubs is 1.s 4∟d2 & a sol lubs 1d∟0 1$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{40}}$d. And {illeg} Six Marks lubs (or 12 Marks Dans) & 9 sols lubs are 8s. 10d$\frac{\mathrm{17}}{\mathrm{40}}$. wch is about 8d less then {illeg} a Ducat is worth in England. At wch rate gold is valued higher in England then at Hamborough by about 1s 6d in a Guinea.

In Holland & the Empire several parts of ye Empire & the countries adjoyning the Ducat is coyned for two Rixdollers or 9 Shillings English & usually goes at that rate or within 2d or 3d styvers or more or less, supposing the Rixdoller of just value. [But if the Rix doller be of a lower value (as the Patagon of Holland the Rixdoller of Denmark &c) the Ducats may go for 2 Rix dollers & 5 1o0r or 15 Stuyvers] This Ducat is 4car ijgr better & weights 2d is worth Whereas in England the Ducat is worth 9s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d. But if the Rix doller be of a lower value (as the Patagon of Holland, the Rixdoller of Denmark &c) the Ducat may go for 5 10 or 10 two Rixdollers & 5 or 10 or 15 styvers or moreabove more. So in Holland the Ducat goes for 2 {illeg} five usually for 4 5 or 6 styvers above five Guilders or two {illeg} Patagons or is coyned for two Patagons or 5 Guilden is coyned for 5 Guilders or two Patagons or Rixdollers of Holland but goes usually for 3 4 5 or 6 styvers more, {illeg} because the Patagon is worth but 4s 4d. And wants two pence of the just value of ye Rix doller of the Empire. And so at Hamborough the {illeg} Rix do Ducat goes for 8 or 9 sols lubs more then two Rix Dollers because this Rix Doller is 4 styvers worsethere valued at 4. sols sols {sic} lubs less then the{illeg}{illeg} Rix doller wth the cross or Albertus (wch is worth 4s 6d, that is,& so is worth {illeg} but 4s 2d or rather not quite so much if someany abatament be made for the wearing of the Albertus.

In Holland the Hungary Ducat goes usually for 5 Guilders & 5 styvers that is in oer money for 9s 1{illeg}d$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{10}}${illeg}, but in England it is worth 9s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d wch is 5$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}$ more then it goes for in Holland: at wch rate gold is valued higher in England then in Holland by 11$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ in the Guinea.

The Lewidor goes in Holland for 9 Guilders 8 8 96, 8 or 10 sols {illeg} & most commonly styvers {illeg} Su At 9 Guilders 8 or 9 solstyvers an three it is or three Ducatons it is worth {illeg} 16.s 4∟d77 wch is {illeg}d less then it is worth in England when unw before wearing. At wch a Guinea the G rate gold <58v> Gold {sic} is valued higher in England then in Holland by about 12d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ in a Guinea. The Rix dollers of the lates {sic} Dukes of Brandenburg p{illeg} are by the Assay worth 4.s 6d & of the same value I take the Rix dollar wth Cross to be wch goes for 30 gross at Belrlin for 30 gross gross. They but have not yet assayed it.

At Berlin Dantzick the Ducat is valued at about 2 Rixdollers or 9s or therebaout wch is 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ less then in England & at that rate a Guinea is worth but 20s 3$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{8}}$.

At Berlin the Ducat is valued at 2$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ Rixdollers but this Rixdoller is but $\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ths of the Rix doller wth the Cross. this being 24 Gross & that by or 54 pence

At Berlin the Rixdoller with the cross goes for 30 gross & they have another Rixdoller at Berlin wch goes but for 24 gross & so is worth by about 40$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ pence And the Ducat goes there for {illeg}2$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ 2$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ of these Roxdollers or 9.s 0$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$d at wch rate a Guinea is worth about 20s. 5d. But the Rixdollers of Berlin I have not yet assayd.

The Lewidor goes at Berlin & of France & Spanish Pistole goes at Berlin for 4$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ of between 4$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ & 4$\frac{\mathrm{5}}{\mathrm{6}}$ of these Rixdollers that is between 16s. 1$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$d & 16.5$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}$ or about 16 3$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d At wch rate a Guinea is worth between 20s. {illeg}2d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ & 20s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$.

In Denmark the Ducat equals that of the Empire is valued at 12 Marks Dans or three four mark pieces that is at 68.s 1$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$d.

The Venetians have twosilver Ducat goes for 6 lire 4 sols & is worth        whence a Lire is worth              And the Sequin or Zacheen goes for 17 lires or              And at this rate & is worth              And wch is          less then its' value in England. At wch rate a Guinea is worth

The Venetians value a Hongre or Hungary Ducat but at 16 lires & at this or              And at this rate a Guinea is worth

The silver Ducat of Flornece is worth 5.s 5d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{6}}$ & goes at Florence & Leghorn for just 7 lires & therefore a Lire of Florence is worth 9d$\frac{\mathrm{13}}{\mathrm{42}}$. And accordingly The Spanish piece of eight goes there for 5$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ lires or 4s 5d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$     wch is its just value. The Pistole of Italy & some say the Lewidor & Spanish Pistole go at Florence for there for 20 lires or 15.s 46d$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{21}}$. But the Mer At wch rate a Guine wil scarce isbe worth about 1920s. 5$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d. Q?

At Genoa the Crusado or Genouise goes for 7$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ lires & is worth 6s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d T & therefore a Lire of Genoua is worth 10d$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{9}}$. And the Pistole of Italy goes at Genoua for 17$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ lires or 2$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ Crusados, that is for 15s. 2$\frac{\mathrm{7}}{\mathrm{9}}$d. Now the The Pistoles of Italy I cannot yet procure to make Assays of them, but they are reputed about 32 or 3 per cent worse then the Spanish Pistole & Frence Ecu.

A JulioTeston of the Pope is worth 1s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}$$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{6}}$, & tenn of these arethat is 16.s1$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$d are the value of the Popes Pistole in Italyat Rome, & 10$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ Testons or 16s. 7$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$d are the value of the Pistole of Spain at Rome.