Holograph notes on exchange rates in various parts of Europe

2A Ducat of Gold is coyned in Holland for 5 Gulders but goes for 5 Guilders & 4, 5, or 6 styvers, & most commonly for 5 Guilders 5 styvers that is oer money for 9.s 1∟d3. But in England it is worth (by the Table) 9s. 6∟d45. Which is 5∟d15 more then it goes for in Holland. At which rate gold is valued higher in England then in Holland by 11d∟59 in a Guinea.

Hungary Ducats go in Holland at the same rate & are of the same weight & fineness with the Holland Ducat without any difference worth considering.

The Lewidor goes in Holland for 9 Guilders 8 9 0r 10 Styvers that is for three Ducatons or 16s. 4∟d77 But in England is worth 17.s 0$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d & if new out of their Mint 17.s 2     . which is          more then in Holland. At which rate gold is valued higher in Holland then in England by about            in a Guinea

The Ecu goes in France for 3 liv. 16 sols or 3$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ livres & is worth 4s 6.d And thence the sol is worth 1.s 2∟21. The Lewidor goes gor 14 livre which comes to livres is 16.d 6d∟94 of oer money. [And in England it is worth 17.s 2$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ which is about 7∟d86 more then in France] At which rate [Gold is valued higher in England then in France by about 9∟d82 in a Guinea]. A Guinea is worth 1£. 0.s. 8d∟18

At Hamborough the Ducat goes for two two Dollers (or (six Marcks lubs) & 8 or 9 Sols lubs. 48 sols lubs make the Doller & 52 the Albertus doller with the cross which if unworn if worth 4.s 6d English, but these by long wearing have one with another lost as much silver as may be worth 1d or 2d. The Marks & sols lubs are double to those of Danemark & a 4 Mark piece or Crown of Danmark & goes at Hamborough for two Marks lubs and by several assays is worth 2s. 8∟d4. Whence a Mark lubs is 1.s 4∟d2 & a sol lubs 1$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{40}}$d. And Six Marks lubs (or 12 Marks Dans) & 9 sols lubs are 8s. 10d$\frac{\mathrm{17}}{\mathrm{40}}$. which is about 8d less then a Ducat is worth in England. At which rate gold is valued higher in England then at Hamborough by about 1s 6d in a Guinea.

In the several parts of the Empire & the countries adjoyning the Ducat is coyned for two Rixdollers or 9 Shillings English & usually goes at that rate or within 2 or 3 styvers more or less, supposing the Rixdoller of just value. [But if the Rix doller be of a lower value (as the Patagon of Holland the Rixdoller of Denmark &c) the Ducats may go for 2 Rix dollers & 5 10 or 15 Stuyvers] Whereas in England the Ducat is worth 9s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d. But if the Rix doller be of a lower value (as the Patagon of Holland, the Rixdoller of Denmark &c) the Ducat may go for two Rixdollers & 5 or 10 styvers or more. So in Holland the Ducat is coyned for 5 Guilders or two Patagons or Rixdollers of Holland but goes usually for 3 4 5 or 6 styvers more, because the Patagon wants two pence of the just value of the Rix doller of the Empire. And so at Hamborough the Ducat goes for 8 or 9 sols lubs more then two Rix Dollers because this Rix Doller is there valued at 4. sols lubs less then the Rix doller with the cross or Albertus (which is worth 4s 6d, & so is worth but 4s 2d or not quite so much if any abatament be made for the wearing of the Albertus.

In Holland the Hungary Ducat goes usually for 5 Guilders & 5 styvers that is in oer money for 9s 1d$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{10}}$, but in England it is worth 9s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d which is 5$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}$ more then it goes for in Holland: at which rate gold is valued higher in England then in Holland by 11$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ in the Guinea.

The Lewidor goes in Holland for 9 Guilders 6, 8 or 10 styvers At 9 Guilders 9 styvers or three Ducatons it is worth 16.s 4∟d77 which is {illeg}d less then it is worth in England before wearing. At which rate gold <58v> is valued higher in England then in Holland by about 12d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ in a Guinea. The Rix dollers of the late Dukes of Brandenburg are by the Assay worth 4.s 6d & of the same value I take the Rix dollar with Cross to be which goes at Berlin for 30 gross. but have not yet assayed it.

At Dantzick the Ducat is valued at 2 Rixdollers or 9s or therebaout which is 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ less then in England & at that rate a Guinea is worth but 20s 3$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{8}}$.

At Berlin the Rixdoller with the cross goes for 30 gross & they have another Rixdoller at Berlin which goes but for 24 gross & so is worth by about 40$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$ pence And the Ducat goes there for 2$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$ of these Roxdollers or 9.s 0$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$d at which rate a Guinea is worth about 20s. 5d. .

The Lewidor of France & Spanish Pistole goes at Berlin for between 4$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ & 4$\frac{\mathrm{5}}{\mathrm{6}}$ of these Rixdollers that is between 16s. 1$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{5}}$d & 16.5$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{5}}$ At which rate a Guinea is worth between 20s. 2d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{4}}$ & 20s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$.

The Venetian silver Ducat goes for 6 lire 4 sols & is worth        whence a Lire is worth              And the Sequin or Zacheen goes for 17 lires or              which is          less then its' value in England. At which rate a Guinea is worth

The Venetians value a Hongre or Hungary Ducat but at 16 lires or              And at this rate a Guinea is worth

The silver Ducat of Flornece is worth 5.s 5d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{6}}$ & goes at Florence & Leghorn for just 7 lires & therefore a Lire of Florence is worth 9d$\frac{\mathrm{13}}{\mathrm{42}}$. And accordingly The Spanish piece of eight goes there for 5$\frac{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{4}}$ lires or 4s 5d$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$     which is its value. The Pistole of Italy & some say the Lewidor & Spanish Pistole go there for 20 lires or 15.s 6d$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{21}}$. At which rate a Guine wil scarce be worth 20s. . Q?

At Genoa the Crusado or Genouise goes for 7$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ lires & is worth 6s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$d & therefore a Lire of Genoua is worth 10d$\frac{\mathrm{4}}{\mathrm{9}}$. And the Pistole of Italy goes at Genoua for 17$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}$ lires or 2$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ Crusados, that is for 15s. 2$\frac{\mathrm{7}}{\mathrm{9}}$d. The Pistoles of Italy I cannot yet procure to make Assays of them, but they are reputed about 2 or 3 per cent worse then the Spanish Pistole & Frence Ecu.

A Teston of the Pope is worth 1s 6$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{6}}$, & tenn of these that is 16.s1$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$d are the value of the Popes Pistole at Rome, & 10$\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{3}}$ Testons or 16s. 7$\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}$d are the value of the Pistole of Spain at Rome.